Brightness

Brightness is simply how dark or light a picture is. Correct brightness is important to easily understand the contents of the picture. It is the simplest of the tools present in photo editors for light adjustment. Changing the brightness of a picture affects all pixels equally. Increasing it will make the dark areas lighter and light areas lighter too. Similarly, decreasing the brightness will make light areas darker and the dark areas darker too. Changing the brightness can help improve the visibility of the darker parts of the image.

Contrast

This is the difference in the bright and dark areas of the image. If the contrast is high, the image looks lively; conversely, if the contrast is low, the image looks flat and monotonous.

Gamma

Gamma encoding of images is used to optimize the usage of bits when encoding an image, or bandwidth used to transport an image, by taking advantage of the non-linear way humans perceive light and color. The human perception of brightness (lightness), under common illumination conditions (neither pitch black nor blindingly bright) with greater sensitivity to relative differences between darker tones than between lighter tones.

Hue

Hue a hue is a pure pigment—one without tint or shade (added white or black pigment, respectively). Hue represents the color being displayed, as found on a red-green-blue scale, color wheel or grayscale. The intensity of the primary colors or gray displayed grows with increased brightness, but the color itself does not change. Changing to different color values makes no difference.

Saturation

This is the depth of the colors in the image. The higher the saturation, the more vivid the colors will be.

Sharpness

This is the image's clarity. The higher the sharpness, the more distinct the subject's contours will be.

Exposure

Exposure is something entirely different than Brightness. It is an in-camera property of a picture. When clicking a picture, exposure is the amount of light that enters the lens of the camera. In other words, how exposed is the lens to the light entering the camera. Exposure can be controlled by changing the camera settings beforehand. When less than the required light enters the camera, the picture is said to be under-exposed. When more than the required light enters the camera, the picture is said to be over-exposed.

Manual Exposure

Manual allows the user to set the Exposure and override the auto-exposure feature. It is suggested the user use the auto-exposure feature unless needed to obtain an optimal capture the auto-exposure cannot set.

White Balance

White balance is a color adjustment that ensures that white things appear white. There are various kinds and conditions of light, and those differences affect the color or pictures. Human beings can recognize white things as white under various light sources from experience.     

Manual White Balance Adjustment

Manual allows the user to set the White Balance and override the auto-adjustment feature. It is suggested the user use the auto-adjustment feature unless needed to obtain an optimal capture the auto-adjustment cannot set.